UN38.3 Rev.5的测试内容（网路资料整理）

随着手提式电子产品越来越普及，锂电池的应用也越来越广，不过由于锂电池品质的良莠不齐，经常听闻其造成冒烟、燃烧、爆炸…等意外事件，尤其如果意外发生在飞行途中的航空器(Aircraft)上将危急飞机上所有机组员的安全。

有见于此，为了确保航空运输安全，并满足旅客对含锂电池货物安全运输之需求，航空公司现在几乎都会依据国际航协《危险物品规则》的相关规定，要求运送货品中的每个类型锂电池及锂电池组，都必须经过测试，证明其已经符合《联合国危险物品运输试验和标准手册》第3部分38.3款（一般简称UN38.3测试）的所有要求。

既然UN38.3的测试项目关系到所有锂电池的安全，当然要给它来瞭解一下内容啰！

UN38.3的检测项目则包含下列八大项：

1. 高空模拟试验（Altitude Simulation）：
   模拟空运时高空中的低气压环境。
   在压力11.6kPa，温度20± 5°C的条件下，存放6H以上。

   Test cells and batteries shall be stored at a pressure of 11.6 kPa or less for at least six hours at ambient temperature (20 ± 5 °C).

2. 热沖击（Thermal Test）：
   用来评估在温度快速变化的情况下，电池的整体密封性能。
   在（– 40± 2°C～72± 2°C）的条件下进行高低温冲击试验，在极限温度中存放时间6h，高低温转换时间30min，冲击10次，室温（20± 5°C）存放24H，试验总时间至少一周。

   Test cells and batteries are to be stored for at least six hours at a test temperature equal to 72± 2 °C, followed by storage for at least six hours at a test temperature equal to – 40 ± 2 °C. The maximum time interval between test temperature extremes is 30 minutes. This procedure is to be repeated until 10 total cycles are complete, after which all test cells and batteries are to be stored for 24 hours at ambient temperature (20 ± 5 °C). For large cells and batteries the duration of exposure to the test temperature extremes should be at least 12 hours.

3. 振动（Vibration）：
   模拟运输过程中所可能碰到的振动。
   15min内从7Hz至200Hz完成一次往復对数扫频正弦振动，每个轴向各3H，完成三维轴向共12次振动。

   Cells and batteries are firmly secured to the platform of the vibration machine without distorting the cells in such a manner as to faithfully transmit the vibration. The vibration shall be a sinusoidal waveform with a logarithmic sweep between 7 Hz and 200 Hz and back to 7 Hz traversed in 15 minutes.
   This cycle shall be repeated 12 times for a total of 3 hours for each of three mutually perpendicular mounting positions of the cell. One of the directions of vibration must be perpendicular to the terminal face.

4. 机械冲击（Shock）：
   模拟运输过程中所可能发生的碰撞及沖击。
   150g、6ms或50g、11ms半正弦冲击，每个安装方向正反各进行3次，总共18次。

   Test cells and batteries shall be secured to the testing machine by means of a rigid mount which will support all mounting surfaces of each test battery. Each cell or battery shall be subjected to a halfsine shock of peak acceleration of 150 g_n and pulse duration of 6 milliseconds. Each cell or battery shall be subjected to three shocks in the positive direction followed by three shocks in the negative direction of three mutually perpendicular mounting positions of the cell or battery for a total of 18 shocks.
   However, large cells and large batteries shall be subjected to a half-sine shock of peak acceleration of 50 g_n and pulse duration of 11 milliseconds. Each cell or battery is subjected to three shocks in the positive direction followed by three shocks in the negative direction of each of three mutually perpendicular mounting positions of the cell for a total of 18 shocks.

5. 外短路测试（External Short Circuit）：
   模拟处理电池时可能发生的外短路情况。
   在55± 2°C、外电阻<0.1Ω条件下短路，短路时间持续到电池温度回到55± 2°C后1H，观察6H。

   The cell or battery to be tested shall be temperature stabilized so that its external case temperature reaches 55 ± 2 °C and then the cell or battery shall be subjected to a short circuit condition with a total external resistance of less than 0.1 ohm at 55 ± 2 °C. This short circuit condition is continued for at least one hour after the cell or battery external case temperature has returned to 55 ± 2 °C.

6. 碰撞测试（Impact）：
   模拟运输过程中可能发生的受重物沖击情形。
   9.1kg重物自61± 2.5cm 高处落于放有15.8mm 圆棒的电池上，检测电池表面温度，观察6h。

   The sample cell or component cell is to be placed on a flat smooth surface. A 15.8 mm ± 0.1mm diameter, at least 6 cm long, or the longest dimension of the cell, whichever is greater, Type 316 stainless steel bar is to be placed across the centre of the sample. A 9.1 kg ± 0.1 kg mass is to be dropped
   from a height of 61 ± 2.5 cm at the intersection of the bar and sample in a controlled manner using a near frictionless, vertical sliding track or channel with minimal drag on the falling mass. The vertical track or channel used to guide the falling mass shall be oriented 90 degrees from the horizontal supporting surface.
   The test sample is to be impacted with its longitudinal axis parallel to the flat surface and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the 15.8 mm ± 0.1mm diameter curved surface lying across the centre of the test sample. Each sample is to be subjected to only a single impact.

7. 过充测试（Overcharge）：
   评估在经受过充条件下，可再充电的能力。
   在2倍的最大连续充电电流和2倍的最大充电电压条件下，对电池过充24H，观察7天。

   The charge current shall be twice the manufacturer’s recommended maximum continuous charge current. The minimum voltage of the test shall be as follows:
   (a) when the manufacturer’s recommended charge voltage is not more than 18V, the minimum voltage of the test shall be the lesser of two times the maximum charge voltage of the battery or 22V.
   (b) when the manufacturer’s recommended charge voltage is more than 18V, the minimum voltage of the test shall be 1.2 times the maximum charge voltage.
   Tests are to be conducted at ambient temperature. The duration of the test shall be 24 hours.

8. 强置放电（Forced Discharge）：
   评估电池或可再充电电池单元在强制放电条件下的经受能力。
   电池串连12V直流电源，以最大放电电流进行强制放电，观察7天。

   Each cell shall be forced discharged at ambient temperature by connecting it in series with a 12V D.C. power supply at an initial current equal to the maximum discharge current specified by the manufacturer.

UN38.3试验后的判断标准：

• 试验后1～4项要求，所有被测试电池必须无质量损失、无变形、无漏液、无洩露、无爆炸、无着火，且开路电压不得小于测试前的得开路电压之90%。
• 试验后第5项要求，被测试电池在短路试验中其外壳温度不应超过170°C
• 试验后第5～6项要求，在试验后6H内，电池必须无变形、无断裂、无着火现象。
• 试验后第7～8项要求，在试验后7天内，观察样品若无变形、无断裂、无着火现象出现，则认为电池符合要求。

网路上的参考文章：
UN38.3参考资料 PDF 下载 (连结遗失)
百度对UN38.3的解释
威凯检测-第五版UN38.3解释 (连结遗失)
UN38.3危险物品运输法规ST-SG-AC10-11-Rev5-Amend1 (英文 PDF 下载)(连结遗失)

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延伸阅读：
锂电池携带上飞机的乘客须知
News Letter: 台湾市场锂电池安规要求CNS15364
出差小撇步─坐飞机，不可携带充电电池超过100瓦小时

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