{"id":4738,"date":"2016-07-06T06:03:00","date_gmt":"2016-07-05T22:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/?p=4738"},"modified":"2023-10-23T11:31:57","modified_gmt":"2023-10-23T03:31:57","slug":"sigma-n-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/2016\/07\/sigma-n-1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u6a23\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u8a08\u7b97\u8981\u9664(n-1)\u800c\u6bcd\u9ad4\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u5247\u9664n\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><font size=\"4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d71\u8a08\u6a23\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u9664(n-1)\u800c\u6bcd\u9ad4\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u5247\u9664n\uff1f\" style=\"border-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; background-image: none;\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d71\u8a08\u6a23\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u9664(n-1)\u800c\u6bcd\u9ad4\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u5247\u9664n\uff1f\" src=\"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/deviation-n-n-1.png\" width=\"553\" height=\"197\" \/><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"4\">\u76f8\u4fe1\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d71\u8a08\u5b78\u5728\u8a08\u7b97<\/font><strong><font style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);\" color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"4\">\u6bcd\u9ad4\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee<\/font><\/strong><font size=\"4\">\u8207<strong><font style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);\" color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"4\">\u6a23\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee<\/font><\/strong><font size=\"4\">\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8981\u5206\u5225\u9664\u4ee5n\u8207(n-1)\u5462\uff1f<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p><font size=\"4\">\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5927\u6982\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6bcd\u9ad4\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u9664\u4ee5n\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7e3d\u5171\u6709n\u7b46\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"5\"><strong>\u90a3\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8a08\u7b97\u6a23\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u6642\u5c31\u8981\u628a\u5206\u6bcd\u6e1b\u53bb1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9664\u4ee5(n-1)\u5462\uff1f<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><font style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);\" size=\"4\">\u5de5\u4f5c\u718a\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u7121\u6cd5\u8b93\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u6eff\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4f60\u8cea\u7591\u5de5\u4f5c\u718a\u4e4b\u524d\u8acb\u5148\u8b80\u5b8c\u6574\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u597d\u561b\uff01<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"4\">\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u718a\u8981\u5148\u8acb\u5927\u5bb6\u60f3\u60f3\u770b\uff0c\u7576\u540c\u4e00\u6578\u503c\u540c\u6642\u9664\u4ee5n\u53ca(n-1)\u6642\uff0c\u9664\u4ee5(n-1)\u6240\u5f97\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6578\u503c\u662f\u5426\u6703\u6bd4\u8f03\u5927\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6a23\u672c\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u662f\u7e3d\u9ad4\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u7684<strong><font color=\"#0000ff\">\u4f30\u8a08\u503c<\/font><\/strong>\uff08\u4f60\u554f\u5de5\u4f5c\u718a\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u300c\u4f30\u8a08\u503c\u300d&#8230;\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u300c<\/font><font style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);\" size=\"4\">\u62bd\u6a23<\/font><font size=\"4\">\u300d\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u554a\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa\u5168\u6821\u5b78\u751f\u5171\u6709500\u4eba\uff0c\u62bd\u6a2350\u4eba\uff0c\u53d6\u8eab\u9ad8\u4f86\u4ee3\u8868\u5168\u6821\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u752850\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\u4f86<\/font><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"4\">\u63a8\u4f30<\/font><font size=\"4\">500\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\uff0c\u96d6\u713650\u500b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u81f4\u4ee3\u8868\u5168\u6821\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u7a76\u7adf\u9084\u662f\u8ddf\u5be6\u969b\u8a08\u7b97500\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\u6578\u503c\u6703\u7a0d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u5169\u8005\u4e0d\u6703\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6a23\uff09\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"4\">\u7531\u6a23\u672c\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u7d42\u7a76\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u9ad4\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u6a23\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u662f\u500b\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u6578\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4f30\u8a08\u503c\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\u4e00\u4f4d\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u4eba\u54e1\u5728\u4f30\u8a08\u6578\u503c\u7684\u6642\u5019\u7e3d\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u504f\u5411\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u4e8b\u95dc\u5b89\u5168\u6642\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u7121\u6cd5\u6e96\u78ba\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u503c\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u5be7\u9858\u8b93\u6578\u503c\u504f\u5411\u8f03\u5dee\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6545\u610f\u5c07\u6a23\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u7684\u503c\u9ad8\u4f30\u65bc\u7e3d\u9ad4\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u4fdd\u96aa\uff0c\u514d\u5f97\u5230\u6642\u51fa\u932f\u9020\u6210\u640d\u5931\u3002\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u5c07\u4e4b\u9664\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u5206\u6bcd(n-1)\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u505a\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u8d8a\u5927\u8868\u793a\u88fd\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u8d8a\u5dee\uff0c\u9664\u4ee5(n-1)\u6703\u8b93\u6578\u503c\u8b8a\u5927\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"4\">\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6a23\u672c\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\u6642\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9664\u4ee5n\u548c\u9664\u4ee5(n-1)\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5c07\u6703\u8d8a\u8da8\u65bc\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5176\u6240<\/font><font size=\"4\">\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u300c\u91cf\u8b8a\u300d\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u537b\u6709\u8457\u300c\u6709\u504f\u4f30\u8a08\u300d\u8207\u300c\u7121\u504f\u4f30\u8a08\u300d\u7684\u300c\u8cea\u8b8a\u300d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u8a08\u7b97\u6a23\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u6642\u7e3d\u6703\u8981\u6c42\u6578\u64da\u91cf\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u5927\u65bc25\u500b\uff0c\u6216\u5927\u65bc30\u500b\uff0c\u6578\u64da\u7576\u7136\u8981\u8d8a\u591a\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u53d6\u5f97\u5be6\u7528\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u9ede\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u53d6\u4e00\u500b\u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6a23\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u516c\u5f0f\u53d6\u7684\u662f\u9664\u4ee5(n-1)\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u5b83\u9664\u4ee5(n-1)\u6642\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u624d\u6703\u662f\u300c\u7121\u504f\u4f30\u8a08\u300d\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><font color=\"#9b00d3\" size=\"4\"><strong>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u8b1b\u7d66\u4e0d\u60f3\u71d2\u8166\u7684\u4eba\u770b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u6a23\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u8981\u9664\u4ee5(n-1)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b78\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u4e0d\u6703\u8a8d\u540c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ad6\u8abf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5&#8230;<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"4\">\u5c0d\u65bc\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u6a23\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u8981\u9664\u4ee5(n-1)\uff1f\u6bd4\u8f03\u6b63\u898f\u7684\u8981\u7528\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6(Degree of Freedom)\u300d\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u9664\u4ee5(n-1)\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u5176\u5be6\u6bd4\u8f03\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6703\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u718a\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u6642\u5019\u4e5f\u770b\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u61c2\u5566\uff01<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"4\">\u7531\u65bc\u6bcd\u9ad4\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u53d6n\u6c92\u6709\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u4f7f\u7528\u6a23\u672c\u4f86\u63a8\u4f30\u6bcd\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u7b26\u5408\u300c\u7121\u504f\u63a8\u4f30\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6a23\u672c\u5e73\u5747\u503c<font size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">x\u0304<\/font>(X-bar)\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u62bd\u6a23\u7684n\u7b46\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5148\u88ab\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6545\u53ea\u8981\u77e5\u9053(n-1)\u7b46\u62bd\u6a23\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u7b46\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u53ef\u7d93\u7531\u8207<font size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">x\u0304<\/font>(X-bar)\u8a08\u7b97\u63a8\u5c0e\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u7b46\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u4f4f\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u55aa\u5931\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u5c31\u8b8a\u6210(n-1)\u3002\u5927\u6982\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5de5\u4f5c\u718a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u6c92\u5f04\u61c2\u591a\u5c11\u5c31\u662f\u4e86\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"4\">\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\u4e0b\u9762\u5169\u4efd\u7db2\u8def\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u770b\u5f97\u61c2\u5c31\u662f\u4e86\uff1a<\/font><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><font size=\"4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/web.math.sinica.edu.tw\/math_media\/d291\/29102.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u5f9e\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u9664\u4ee5n\u6216\u9664\u4ee5n-1\u8ac7\u8d77\uff08\u4e01\u6751\u6210\uff09<\/a> pdf\u6a94<\/font><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><font size=\"4\"><font size=\"2\">\u6dfa\u8ac7\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6(\u6a23\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u6bcd\u5fae\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u63a1\u7528n-1)\uff08\u6c5f\u632f\u6771\uff09Word\u6a94<\/font> (\u9023\u7d50\u4f5a\u5931)<\/font><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><font size=\"5\"><font color=\"#9b00d3\">\u5f8c\u8a18\uff1a<\/font> <\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"4\">\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u5c0d\u7d71\u8a08\u6709\u5f88\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f86\u770b\u5de5\u4f5c\u718a\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u626f\u721b\uff0c\u5728\u4f60\u6279\u8a55\u524d\uff0c\u5982\u4f60\u679c\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u5806\u516c\u5f0f\u4f86\u8b49\u660e\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u9664\u4ee5(n-1)\uff0c\u8b1b\u5f97\u6dfa\u986f\u6613\u61c2\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u718a\u670d\u4f60\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b61\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u4f86\u8b1b\u53e4\uff5e\u4f46\u8a18\u5f97\u5148\u770b\u5b8c\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><font size=\"4\">\u56de\u300b<\/font><a href=\"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/2016\/01\/spccpk\/\"><font size=\"4\">SPC\u3001Cpk\u3001\u88fd\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u89e3\u8aaa\u8207\u6574\u7406<\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<p><font size=\"4\">\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a<\/font>     <br \/><a href=\"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/2012\/02\/pareto-chart\/\"><font size=\"4\">\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u5206\u6790 (Pareto Chart)\u4ecb\u7d39<\/font><\/a>     <br \/><a href=\"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/2012\/02\/excel-pareto\/\"><font size=\"4\">\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Excel2007\u88fd\u4f5c\u67cf\u62c9\u5716(Pareto chart)<\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/2011\/08\/six-sigma-iv\/\"><font size=\"4\">\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u8207\u5e38\u614b\u5206\u4f48\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2(six sigma)<\/font><\/a>     <br \/><a href=\"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/2010\/10\/spc-introduction-cpk\/\"><font size=\"4\">\u88fd\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u4ecb\u7d39 \u2500 Cpk\u4e4b\u88fd\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u89e3\u91cb<\/font><\/a>     <br \/><a href=\"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/2011\/07\/six-sigma-i\/\"><font size=\"4\">\u516d\u500b\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee(six sigma)\u904b\u7528\u65bc\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b<\/font><\/a>     <br \/><a href=\"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/2014\/05\/excel-2007-normal-distribution-chart\/\"><font size=\"4\">\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Excel2007\u5efa\u7acb\u5e38\u614b\u5206\u5e03\u66f2\u7dda\u5716\u8868<\/font><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u76f8\u4fe1\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d71\u8a08\u5b78\u5728\u8a08\u7b97\u6bcd\u9ad4\u6a19 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,116],"tags":[172],"aioseo_notices":[],"views":41478,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4738"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4738"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4738\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10897,"href":"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4738\/revisions\/10897"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4738"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}