{"id":8729,"date":"2020-07-08T08:28:00","date_gmt":"2020-07-08T00:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/?p=8729"},"modified":"2020-09-16T11:32:35","modified_gmt":"2020-09-16T03:32:35","slug":"corrosion-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.letratesoro.com\/2020\/07\/corrosion-02\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u662f\u91d1\u5c6c\u767c\u751f\u8150\u8755\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8ac7\u91d1\u5c6c\u8150\u8755(2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/font><\/p>\n

\uff08\u6587\u7ae0\u53d6\u6750\u81ea\u7db2\u8def\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4f5a\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u5167\u5bb9\u7d93\u904e\u5de5\u4f5c\u718a\u6574\u7406\u6f64\u98fe\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n

\u63a2\u8a0e\u91d1\u5c6c\u6750\u6599\u6703\u767c\u751f\u8150\u8755\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u300c\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u300d\u8207\u300c\u96fb\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u300d\u5169\u5927\u985e\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u5247\u5c07\u8150\u8755\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u300c\u5168\u9762\u8150\u8755\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5c40\u90e8\u8150\u8755\u300d\u3002\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u5c07\u4ee5\u300c\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u300d\u8207\u300c\u96fb\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u300d\u4f86\u505a\u5340\u5206\uff0c\u6587\u5c07\u5148\u91dd\u5c0d\u300c\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u300d\u505a\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u6703\u518d\u8aaa\u660e\u300c\u96fb\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u300d\u3002<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n

\u300c\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u300d\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u6750\u6599\u8207\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u4ecb\u8cea\u76f4\u63a5\u8d77\u5230\u5316\u5b78\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u8868\u9762\u7834\u58de\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u8150\u8755\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u8207\u300c\u96fb\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u662f\u6709\u7121\u3010\u96fb\u6d41\u3011\u7684\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u300c\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u300d\u4e0d\u6703\u7522\u751f\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u96fb\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u300d\u5247\u662f\u900f\u904e\u96fb\u6d41\u6240\u7522\u751f\u8150\u8755\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u8150\u8755\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5171\u5b58\u5c31\u6703\u8b93\u5206\u6790\u8150\u8755\u539f\u56e0\u6642\u66f4\u986f\u8907\u96dc\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\uff08\u5c0d\u65bc\u5927\u9678\u90a3\u4e9b\u76dc\u6587\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u8907\u88fd\u8cbc\u4e0a\u672c\u7ad9\u6587\u7ae0\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u9084\u6539\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u611f\u5230\u7121\u6065\uff01\u6587\u7ae0\u5167\u5bb9\u90e8\u4efd\u9632\u6b62\u8907\u88fd\u7de8\u6392\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u60a8\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u4e0d\u4fbf\uff0c\u8acb\u898b\u8ad2\uff01\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n

\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755<\/em><\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755(chemical corrosion)\u3011\u53c8\u7a31\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u6eb6\u89e3(dissolution)\u300d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u5c07\u6750\u6599\u7f6e\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6eb6\u89e3\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6750\u6599\u5168\u90e8\u8017\u76e1(\u8150\u8755\u5b8c\u7562)\u6216\u662f\u6eb6\u6db2\u9054\u5230\u98fd\u548c\u6fc3\u5ea6\u70ba\u6b62\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u8af8\u5982\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u9ad8\u6eab\u3001\u9ad8\u6fd5\u7b49\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e5f\u6703\u52a9\u9577\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u9032\u800c\u8150\u8755\u7684\u4e5f\u5c6c\u4e4b\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7269\u8cea\u6703\u6eb6\u89e3\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u662f\u7a2e\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa\u7cd6\u8ddf\u9e7d\u6703\u6eb6\u89e3\u65bc\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u7684\u91d1\u5c6c\u6216\u975e\u91d1\u5c6c\u6703\u6eb6\u89e3\u65bc\u9e7d\u9178\u4e2d\u3002\u6709\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6703\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u6eb6\u89e3\u8150\u8755\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5229\u7528\u65bc\u88fd\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6c2f\u5316\u9435\u8755\u523b\u6db2\u4f86\u8150\u8755\u9285\u88fd\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u54c1\u6216\u96fb\u8def\u677f\u7684\u7dda\u8def\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u6750\u6599\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\uff0c\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u8003\u616e\u4ecd\u662f\u5728\u9632\u6cbb\u8150\u8755\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u91d1\u5c6c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u4fb5\u8755\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u6676\u7c92\u8207\u6676\u7c92\u7684\u63a5\u5408\u8655\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6676\u754c\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6301\u7e8c\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u74b0\u5883\u6216\u662f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u96fb\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u5982\u679c\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u8150\u8755\u73fe\u8c61\u5c07\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e<\/em><\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n

\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u8aaa\u904e\u7684\uff08\u50b3\u9001\u9580<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u60f0\u6027\u91d1\u5c6c\uff08\u5982\u91d1\u3001\u9251\u3001\u9280\u3001\u6c5e\u7b49\u8cb4\u91d1\u5c6c\uff09\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u91d1\u5c6c\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u51b6\u7149\u6210\u70ba\u5143\u7d20\u5f8c\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u6709\u900f\u904e\u6c27\u5316\u56de\u6b78\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u61c9\u5f8c\u6703\u751f\u6210\u6c23\u9ad4\u76f4\u63a5\u63ee\u767c\u6389\u3001\u6db2\u9ad4\u6ef4\u843d\u3001\u56fa\u9ad4\u6389\u843d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u7684\u91d1\u5c6c\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u91d1\u5c6c\u8868\u9762\u5f62\u6210\u6c27\u5316\u4fdd\u8b77\u819c\u8d77\u5230\u6e1b\u7de9\u6c27\u5316\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u9435\u3001\u93b3\u3001\u927b\u3001\u9226\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5728\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u300c\u91d1\u5c6c\u920d\u5316\u300d\u7ae0\u7bc0\u6703\u518d\u8a73\u7d30\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u9019\u5c64\u6c27\u5316\u819c\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u5305\u8986\u91d1\u5c6c\u4ee5\u9694\u96e2\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u4ecb\u8cea\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6c27\u6c23\u8207\u6c34\u5206\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u4fdd\u8b77\u819c\uff0c\u91d1\u5c6c\u5c31\u6703\u6301\u7e8c\u5730\u5438\u9644\u5916\u90e8\u4ecb\u8cea\u4e26\u5f9e\u91d1\u5c6c\u4e2d\u5206\u89e3\u51fa\u4f86\u751f\u6210\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u6ffe\u9664\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755<\/em><\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e9b\u91d1\u5c6c\u5408\u91d1\u6750\u6599\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6216\u591a\u7a2e\u5143\u7d20\u6703\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u7684\u6ffe\u9664(leach)\u6216\u7a31\u8150\u8755\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u591a\u5b54\u6027\u7684\u6b98\u7559\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u964d\u4f4e\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6a5f\u68b0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u88ab\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u6ffe\u9664\u300d\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u8207\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u5982\u9ec3\u9285\u4e2d\u6240\u542b\u7684\u300c\u92c5\u300d\u5728\u9ad8\u6eab\u4e0b\u6703\u88ab\u9e7d\u985e\u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u6240\u6eb6\u89e3\u800c\u7522\u751f\u300c\u812b\u92c5(dezincification)\u300d\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u8150\u8755\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e86\u300c\u92c5\u300d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c07\u4f7f\u5f97\u9ec3\u9285\u8b8a\u6210\u591a\u5b54\u6d77\u7dbf\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u6a5f\u68b0\u5f37\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5f97\u8106\u5f31\u3002<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n

\u77f3\u58a8\u8150\u8755(graphitic corrosion)<\/em><\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n

\u77f3\u58a8\u8150\u8755\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u985e\u4f3c\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u8150\u8755\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u77f3\u58a8\u8150\u8755\u61c9\u8a72\u6b78\u985e\u70ba\u96fb\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u3002\u7070\u9444\u9435\u662f\u7247\u72c0\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u4ea4\u932f\u65bc\u9435\u57fa\u5730\u7684\u6676\u683c\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c07\u4e4b\u7f6e\u65bc\u6c34\u4e2d\u6216\u662f\u571f\u58e4\u88e1\uff0c\u9435\u5c07\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u967d\u6027\u6975\uff0c\u800c\u77f3\u58a8\u5247\u6703\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u9670\u6027\u6975\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9435\u6703\u88ab\u9010\u6f38\u5730\u8150\u8755\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u5b54\u6027\u7684\u5916\u89c0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7070\u9444\u9435\u88fd\u6210\u7684\u7ba1\u7dda\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u9632\u8150\u8755\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u57cb\u8a2d\u4e0d\u7576\uff0c\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u767c\u751f\u6d29\u6f0f\u751a\u81f3\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u7684\u9632\u6cbb\u65b9\u6cd5<\/em><\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n

\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u7684\u9632\u6cbb\u6975\u70ba\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u5c07\u6750\u6599\u8986\u5c64(coating)\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u932f\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6750\u6599\u8207\u6eb6\u6db2(\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6613\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u9178\u9e7c\u6eb6\u6db2)\u63a5\u89f8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u8003\u616e\u9078\u64c7\u80fd\u62b5\u6297\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u70ba\u4e86\u6291\u5236\u9ec3\u9285\u812b\u92c5\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u542b\u92c5\u91cf15%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u9ec3\u9285\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a01%\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u932b(Sn)\uff0c\u4ee5\u62b5\u6297\u9019\u7a2e\u8150\u8755\u4e26\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u5f37\u5ea6\u3002\u9019\u985e\u542b\u932b\u7684\u9ec3\u9285\u5305\u542b\u6d77\u8ecd\u9ec3\u9285(naval brass)\u3001\u6d77\u5c07\u9ec3\u9285(admiralty metal)\u7b49\u90fd\u5c6c\u4e4b\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

\u8a3b1: \u6d77\u8ecd\u9ec3\u9285(Naval brass): Cu(59)Zn(40)Sn(1)<\/font><\/p>\n

\u8a3b2: \u6d77\u5c07\u9ec3\u9285(Admiralty brass): Cu(69)Zn(30)Sn(1)<\/font><\/p>\n

\n

\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a<\/font>
\u4f55\u8b02\u300c\u9285\u300d\u57fa\u5730\u8207\u300c\u93b3\u300d\u57fa\u5730\u96fb\u8def\u677f(PCB)\uff1f<\/font><\/a>
FPC\u70ba\u4f55\u8a72\u4f7f\u7528\u58d3\u78be\u9285(RA)\u800c\u975e\u96fb\u89e3\u9285(ED)\uff1f<\/font><\/a>
\u96fb\u5b50\u5de5\u696d\u4e2d\u96f6\u4ef6\u6216\u96fb\u8def\u677f\u934d\u93b3(Ni)\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4f55\u5728\uff1f<\/font><\/a>
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u7d05\u9285\u3001\u7d14\u9285\u3001\u9752\u9285\u3001\u9ec3\u9285\u3001\u767d\u9285\u3001\u751f\u9285\u3001\u719f\u9285\uff1f<\/font><\/a><\/p>\n

\u91d1\u5c6c\u8150\u8755\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a<\/strong><\/font>
\u539f\u4f86\u8150\u8755\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u5bb6\u5143\u7d20\u60f3\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u8ac7\u91d1\u5c6c\u8150\u8755(1)<\/font><\/a>
\u96fb\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u5176\u5be6\u6bd4\u5316\u5b78\u8150\u8755\u5f71\u97ff\u9084\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u8ac7\u91d1\u5c6c\u8150\u8755(3)<\/font><\/a>
\u7528\u8cc8\u51e1\u5c3c\u6b21\u5e8f(Galvanic Series)\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u9670\u6975\u8207\u967d\u6975\uff0c\u8ac7\u91d1\u5c6c\u8150\u8755(4)<\/font><\/a>
\u4e03\u7a2e\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u91d1\u5c6c\u8150\u8755\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8ac7\u91d1\u5c6c\u8150\u8755(5)<\/font><\/a>
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